What does this research mean for the field?

Silver nanoparticles biogenically synthesized using Guilandina bonduc seed extract exhibit significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, including targeted cytotoxicity against PA-1 ovarian cancer cells. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

The research aims to evaluate the synthesis and biomedical potential of silver nanoparticles derived from Guilandina bonduc seeds.

March 21, 2026Open Access

Biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesis from Guilandina bonduc L. seed kernel extract with antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer potential against ovarian Cancer cells

Key Points

The research aims to evaluate the synthesis and biomedical potential of silver nanoparticles derived from Guilandina bonduc seeds.
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Guilandina bonduc seed kernel extract
Characterization using UV–Visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, X-ray diffraction, SEM, and DLS
Assessment of antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains
Evaluation of antioxidant activity using DPPH, HRSA, and H₂O₂ scavenging assays
Investigation of cytotoxic effects on PA-1 ovarian cancer cells via IC₅₀ values and staining techniques.
Synthesis confirmed by characteristic UV–Visible peak at 438 nm
Significant antibacterial activity observed, with the highest effect against Staphylococcus haemolyticus (16.26 mm)
Strong antioxidant activity shown by DPPH IC₅₀ value of 73.31 μg/mL
Cytotoxicity against PA-1 ovarian cancer cells demonstrated, with an IC₅₀ value of 56.36 μg/mL
Apoptosis in cancer cells verified through morphology changes and staining techniques.

Abstract

The biomedical potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesised from Guilandina bonduc seeds was evaluated in this study. A colour change supported the visual confirmation of AgNPs synthesis, and the UV–Visible spectroscopy showed the characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at 438 nm. Phytochemical groups, including phenolics, carbonyls, and amines, were identified through FT-IR analysis, acting both as reducing agents and stabilisers for nanoparticle formation. X-ray diffraction confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles, while SEM analysis revealed cubic in shape particles in the size. Dynamic light scattering analysis provided an average particle size of 98.4 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.514. Zeta potential values for − 11.7 mV. The G. bonduc seed-derived AgNPs exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, with the highest efficacy against Staphylococcus haemolyticus (16.26 mm), followed by Aeromonas hydrophila (14.53 mm) and Escherichia coli (11.63 mm). The antioxidant activity of the synthesised AgNPs was confirmed through DPPH, hydroxyl radical (HRSA), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) scavenging assays. In the DPPH assay, the AgNPs exhibited an IC₅₀ value of 73.31 μg/mL, indicating strong free radical scavenging potential. Similarly, the HRSA assay showed an IC₅₀ value of 95.92 μg/mL, demonstrating effective hydroxyl radical neutralisation. The H₂O₂ scavenging assay showed an IC₅₀ value of 107.61 μg/mL, further confirming their notable antioxidant potential of G. bonduc seed-derived AgNPs. Additionally, G. bonduc seed-derived AgNPs demonstrated significant cytotoxic effects against PA-1 ovarian cancer cells, with an IC₅₀ value of 56.36 μg/mL. Apoptosis was confirmed by AO/EtBr staining and morphological changes. These findings not only highlight the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of AgNPs but also emphasise their potential for sustainable therapeutic applications in biomedical fields.

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