With the increasing depletion of shallow mineral resources and the growing demand for metals, deep mining has become a strategic focus for China. However, deep mining operations face a series of complex challenges, including high ground stress, elevated geothermal gradients, and severe rockburst hazards. By systematically evaluating the research progress of backfilling technology in deep mines in China, this article focuses on its role in mitigating geological and operational risks. Through detailed case studies of Jinchuan Nickel Mine, Dongguashan Copper Mine, and Fankou Lead–Zinc Mine, the geological background, backfill technology, support strategy, and disaster control methods at depths of over 800 m were analyzed. The innovative integration of a full tailings waste rock filling system, microseismic monitoring, and flexible support technology is emphasized as a key development to improve the safety and sustainability of deep mining. In addition, the limitations in current practice, including insufficient attention to thermal damage mitigation and environmental risk assessment, were thoroughly explored. This provides comprehensive technical references for the development of backfill systems in deep mines and insights for the wider application of solid waste utilization in underground mining.
Li et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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