Quadratic stratification in micropolar fluids enhances mass and heat transfer efficiency, enabling precise control in chemical reactors, hydrogen energy systems, and biomedical cooling applications. It also enhances drug delivery accuracy and improves thermal regulation in electronic and manufacturing applications, resulting in improved performance and energy savings. Motivated by the importance of stratified micropolar nanofluid systems in industry and biomedicine, this research aims to develop a comprehensive computational model to investigate the electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) behavior of non-Newtonian micropolar nanofluids over a linear stretching surface. The Buongiorno framework is incorporated into the model to take thermophoresis and Brownian motion into consideration. Moreover, thermal behavior is examined by taking into account the effects of radiative flux, resistive heating, heat generation, and viscous heating, while the mass transport equation includes a first-order chemical reaction. NDSolve (Built-in approach) is used to solve the resulting nonlinear ODEs. Notably, the nanofluid velocity decreases by 15% when the magnetic parameter increases and increases by 11% when the electric field increases. The radiation parameter raises the nanofluid temperature by 20%, whereas quadratic stratification lowers it by 17%. The chemical reaction parameter increases nanoparticle concentration by 25%, whereas solutal stratification decreases it by 30%. The nonlinear stratified flow enables better control of temperature and concentration layers, which is crucial for managing heat in electronics, cooling in biomedical applications, and hydrogen energy systems.
Khan et al. (Sun,) studied this question.