Cryptographically relevant quantum computers will break ECDSA when enough Qbit are reached (the signature algorithm powering Bitcoin, Ethereum, and most blockchains) via Shor’s algorithm. NIST finalized the first post-quantum standards in 2024 (FIPS 203/ML-KEM, 204/ML-DSA, 205/SLH-DSA), but full ecosystem migration will take 5–10 years. During this “quantum gap,” billions in digital assets remain exposed to “harvest-now-decrypt-later” attacks.
yassir abdelkarim boudda (Mon,) studied this question.