Wearable sensing technologies have attracted increasing attention for real-time monitoring of human motion and physiological activities. In this study, a PTPAVI-Al3+ ionic conductive hydrogel-enabled triboelectric nanogenerator (PA-TENG) is designed as a multifunctional platform capable of converting mechanical stimuli into electrical signals for energy harvesting and autonomous finger joint motion sensing during music training. The PTPAVI-Al3+ ionic conductive hydrogel electrode features a hybrid architecture composed of a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) framework and a covalently crosslinked poly(acrylamide-co-1-vinyl-3-butylimidazolium bromide-co-itaconic acid) (PA-VBI-IA) network, in which tannic acid (TA) and Al3+ ions cooperatively generate a dense supramolecular interaction network. This hierarchical structure endows the hydrogel with high stretchability, strong self-adhesion, excellent ionic conductivity, anti-swelling behavior, and mechanical robustness. A nylon/polydimethylsiloxane triboelectric pair is employed to assemble a vertical contact–separation PA-TENG, delivering a peak open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1080.6 V, a short-circuit current (ISC) of 74.5 µA, and a maximum power output of 2.1 mW. Moreover, the PA-TENG enables accurate, self-powered monitoring of finger joint motion and applied force during piano training, demonstrating its potential for wearable sensing, skill training, and human–machine interaction applications.
Zhang et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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