The construction sector is undeniably foundational to the European Union’s economy, underpinning growth, employment, and urban development. Yet, despite its vital role, the sector remains fragmented by a patchwork of divergent national building regulations, which hamper efficiency, increase costs, and complicate cross-border operations. This study offers a comprehensive examination of the regulatory frameworks governing building legislation across all 27 EU member states. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, including comparative legal analysis, expert interviews, and economic modelling, it unravels both the common threads and stark divergences shaping the sector. The findings illuminate the significant challenges posed by disparate legal traditions, enforcement mechanisms, and compliance norms. Nonetheless, the paper outlines a pragmatic, phased roadmap toward harmonization that respects subsidiarity while fostering greater regulatory convergence. Such standardization promises to not only streamline construction processes but also to strengthen investor confidence, enhance safety, and propel the EU closer to a fully integrated Single Market in construction services. The study concludes with actionable policy recommendations aimed at navigating the complex interplay between national autonomy and collective European interests.
Panayides et al. (Mon,) studied this question.