Frederick Sanger (1918–2013), Founder of Genomics and the Only Two-Time Nobel Chemistry Laureate

British biochemist Frederick Sanger (1918–2013) died in Cambridge, England on November 19, 2013 at the age of 95. He was the fourth winner of two Nobel Prizes and the only two-time laureate in chemistry. In 1958 he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry “for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin.” The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 1980 was divided, one half awarded to Paul Berg “for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA,” the other half jointly to Walter Gilbert and Sanger “for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids.” This article discusses Sanger’s personal and professional life with an emphasis on his Nobel Prize-winning research.