Sustainable ridge-based peanut production following winter wheat requires soil preparation technologies capable of simultaneously ensuring precise ridge formation, reduced energy consumption and efficient in situ utilisation of crop residues. This study aimed to develop and experimentally validate a combined soil preparation technology integrating shallow tillage, deep loosening and ridge formation within a single field pass, and to quantify its technological and biological performance. Field experiments were conducted using a prototype combined machine with analytically justified geometric parameters of the working tools, followed by multifactor optimisation and statistical modelling. Technological performance was assessed by soil fragmentation degree and draft resistance, while biological effects were evaluated using residue incorporation (Pz), biodegradation coefficient after 60 days (k60) and dehydrogenase activity after 30 days (DHA30). The results showed statistically significant nonlinear relationships between tool parameters and technological responses, with coefficients of determination exceeding 0.94 for soil fragmentation and 0.97 for draft resistance. The proposed technology increased residue incorporation efficiency by 15–20%, enhanced biodegradation intensity (k60) by up to 18%, and reduced energy consumption due to single-pass operation compared with conventional multi-pass systems. A strong relationship between Pz and biological indicators confirmed the key role of residue placement in controlling microbial processes. These findings demonstrate that integrated control of soil processing and residue placement enables energy-efficient single-pass technologies for ridge-based peanut production systems.
Mamatov et al. (Sun,) studied this question.