Differences in Determinants of Subjective Well-Being by Sexual Orientation : A Comparison of Heterosexual and Gay Men in Japan

This study investigates whether the determinants of well-being discussed in general well-being research (which does not fully consider sexual minorities) also apply to sexual minorities, and examines the effects of marriage and social support on well-being. We used data from 2,541 men (1,851 heterosexual men and 690 homosexual men), obtained from an online survey of gay and heterosexual men living in Japan conducted by the author in 2020. A multiple regression analysis was conducted. The results of the analysis revealed that gay men had fewer significant variables that enhanced their sense of well-being than heterosexual men did, and that only the support of a significant other had a significant effect. It has been pointed out that it is difficult for sexual minorities to establish intimate relationships due to the concealment of their sexual orientation, and as a result, it is difficult for them to obtain social support. To improve this situation, support by the government and administration as well as a change in people's awareness are necessary. In particular, Japan lags behind other developed countries in the development of laws concerning sexual minorities, and urgent action is needed in this regard.