Magnetic-directed closed-loop lead recycling from spent perovskite photocatalysts toward sustainable CO 2 reduction

Key Points

• The aim is to develop an efficient and sustainable lead recycling process from spent perovskite photocatalysts.
• Utilized a magnetic-directed closed-loop strategy for lead recovery.
• Assessed the environmental impact of lead toxicity.
• Executed cost-effectiveness evaluation of the recycling process.
• Achieved significant lead recovery rates using the proposed method.
• Demonstrated a reduction in environmental risks related to lead disposal.
• Provided a feasible solution for sustainable CO2 reduction.