The rapid expansion of urban environments and the evolution of smart city initiatives have significantly increased the demand for intelligent, energy-efficient, and safety-oriented infrastructure systems. Conventional street lighting systems operate statically at full brightness and lack adaptive control, predictive maintenance, and disaster detection mechanisms. This results in excessive energy consumption, delayed maintenance, and reduced infrastructure resilience. This paper proposes SmartStreet, an IoT-enabled intelligent street lighting system integrating adaptive illumination, realtime fault detection, disaster monitoring, and GSM-based alert communication. The system utilizes LDR, ultrasonic, vibration sensors coordinated through an ESP32 microcontroller. Experimental results demonstrate approximately 70% energy savings, and improved emergency response times. The proposed system is scalable, modular, and aligned with global sustainability and smart city development goals.
Gopinath et al. (Sat,) studied this question.