Are malnutrition and congestion independently associated with increased mortality in ambulatory patients with heart failure?
Both malnutrition and congestion (evidenced by right heart dysfunction) are independently associated with increased mortality in ambulatory heart failure patients, warranting additional clinical vigilance.
Malnutrition and congestion are modestly correlated and each is independently associated with increased mortality in patients with CHF. Patients with HF with both malnutrition and congestion as evidenced by right heart dysfunction should be managed with additional vigilance.
Sze et al. (Sat,) studied this question.
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