Simultaneous optical mapping of explanted human hearts reveals that sustained atrial fibrillation is driven by intramural re-entry anchored to fibrosis-insulated atrial bundles.
Integrated 3D structural-functional mapping of diseased human right atria ex vivo revealed that the complex atrial microstructure caused significant differences between Endo vs. Epi activation during pacing and sustained AF driven by intramural re-entry anchored to fibrosis-insulated atrial bundles.
Hansen et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: