Abstract Maritime transport plays a vital role in global logistics and trade; however, its environmental impact, particularly CO₂ emissions, has become a growing concern. Current estimation methodologies are divided into top-down and bottom-up approaches. Top-down methods rely on macro-statistical data but often lack specificity regarding individual ship characteristics, leading to high uncertainty. Bottom-up methods, increasingly prevalent due to advancements in ship equipment and big data technology, estimate CO₂ emissions based on detailed ship activity trajectories, offering greater precision. This study integrates data from multiple vessel-position transmitting devices — AIS, V-Pass, and LTE-Maritime — to estimate CO₂ emissions from maritime activities in the coastal regions of South Korea. By combining these data sources, the study develops a comprehensive and accurate emissions assessment, improving reliability and supporting more informed decision-making in maritime environmental management and policy development.
Yoo et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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