Microfluidic Platforms In their Research Article (10.1002/admt.202501519), Eugenio Martinelli and co-workers present a precise CO2 laser beam that sculpts conductive graphene circuits directly onto polyimide tape, transforming a simple substrate into a powerful biointerface. These low-cost electrodes drive a novel muscle-on-chip system, delivering electrical impulses into cultured tissue to trigger life-like contractions, paving the way for accessible, advanced bioengineering studies.
Curci et al. (Wed,) studied this question.