Glucose metabolism disorders represent one of the most common metabolic pathologies associated with pregnancy and are correlated with an increased risk of maternal and fetal complications. The rising prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as well as obesity among women of reproductive age has led to a continuously increasing incidence of gestational diabetes and preexisting diabetes during pregnancy. Optimal management requires preconception counseling, strict glycemic control, frequent monitoring and a multidisciplinary approach. The main objective is to achieve adequate glycemic control, primarily through insulin therapy, individualized nutritional intervention and regular physical activity. Insulin remains the treatment of choice both for preexisting diabetes and for gestational diabetes that does not respond to lifestyle modifications. The implementation of current clinical guidelines significantly reduces the risk of maternal-fetal complications and improves the long-term prognosis for both mother and child.
Mihaela-Daniela Baltă (Thu,) studied this question.