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Abstract The thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the carbothermic reduction of MnO in the five-component slag, MnO-SiO 2 -CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 , is critical in the production process of Mn-ferroalloys. While the reduction rate is mainly dependent on the presence of a solid MnO phase in the slag for Mn-Fe-alloys, the rate for the Mn-Si-Fe alloys has two distinct steps, a slow step followed by a fast step. The extent of the slow step has been shown to be dependent on the S content in the slag. The thermo-physical properties of viscosity, density, interfacial tension and electrical resistivity is reviewed, and these properties are mainly determined by the total basicity.
Tangstad et al. (Mon,) studied this question.