Interaction of Malate and Lactate with Chromium(III) and Iron(III) in Aqueous Solutions

Malate is generated from the hydration of fumarate by the action of fumarase in the citric acid cycle. Lactate is one of the most important products of glucose catabolism. From our ongoing efforts to study and understand the interaction and behavior of many hydroxycarboxylates with variety of metal ions (Hamada et al., 2003a Hamada, Y. Z., Carlson, B. L. and Shank, J. T. 2003a. Potentiometric and UV‐vis spectroscopy studies of citrate with the hexaquo Fe3+ and Cr3+ metal ions. Syn. Reac. Inorg. Metal‐Org. Chem., 33(8): 1425–1440. Taylor 2003b Hamada, Y. Z., Zhepeng, W. and Harris, W. R. 2003b. Competition between transferrin and serum ligands citrate and phosphate for the binding of aluminum. Inorg. Chem., 42: 3262–3273. [Crossref, PubMed, Web of Science ® , Google Scholar), we are reporting the interaction and behavior of malate and lactate with the Cr3+ and the Fe3+ ions using the potentiometric method in aqueous solutions at 25 °C. It appeared that the potentiometric titration graphs are different for the different titration systems; these differences are discussed. It also appeared that the malate as a chelating ligand solubilized both Cr3+ and Fe3+ at the physiological pH. In contrast to malate, the lactate ligand did not solubilize either Cr3+ or Fe3+ at the physiological pH. The Cr3+ and the Fe3+ lactate systems form the simple one‐to‐one metal chelates because only one proton was observed in all metal to lactate molar ratios with both the Cr3+ and the Fe3+ metal ions, even when we increased the lactate to metal ratio to 5 fold excess, i.e., in the 1∶5 titration systems.