Organocatalytic Aryl–Aryl Bond Formation: An Atroposelective 3,3-Rearrangement Approach to BINAM Derivatives

Herein we disclose an organocatalytic aryl-aryl bond-forming process for the regio- and atroposelective synthesis of 2,2'-diamino-1,1'-binaphthalenes (BINAMs). In the presence of catalytic amounts of axially chiral phosphoric acids, achiral N,N'-binaphthyl hydrazines undergo a facile 3,3-sigmatropic rearrangement to afford enantiomerically enriched BINAM derivatives in good to excellent yield. This transformation represents the first example of a metal-free, catalytic C(sp(2))-C(sp(2)) bond formation between two aromatic rings with concomitant de novo atroposelective installation of an axis of chirality. Density functional calculations reveal that, in the transition state for C-C bond formation, the phosphoric acid proton of the catalyst is fully transferred to one of the N-atoms of the substrate, and the resulting phosphate acts as a chiral counterion.