Biological Characteristics and Seasonal Condition of the African Sardine Sardinella maderensis in the Eastern Mediterranean

Key Points

• The aim is to investigate the biological characteristics and seasonal conditions of the African sardine in the Eastern Mediterranean.
• Field observations of African sardine populations
• Assessment of biological traits
• Seasonal monitoring of environmental factors
• Identified key biological characteristics of sardines
• Documented seasonal variations in environmental conditions
• Highlighted ecological roles within marine ecosystems