Rethinking the Etiology of Urban Insecurity in Bukavu: A Criminological Perspective

For several decades, the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo has faced a continuous deterioration of the insecurity situation. In this context of persistent violence, the South Kivu province, and primarily its capital city, Bukavu, has not been spared. On the contrary, the latter is confronted with growing urban insecurity, characterized by an alarming frequency of criminal acts and serious offenses. This situation, far from being temporary, reflects a context of weakened governance, notably due to the presence of illegitimate authorities linked to the M23-AFC (Mouvement du 23 Mars/Allience Fleuve Congo) coalition. The lack of an adequate institutional response to this insecurity has reinforced a sense of abandonment and vulnerability among the local population already vulnerable due to the spike in urban violence or criminal activity. This article offers an analysis of the underlying causes of this unprecedented security crisis by examining the political, social, and institutional dynamics at play in the city of Bukavu. The study focuses on the various triggers of local insecurity, including residential burglary, the pervasive feeling of insecurity, organized crime, murder and the concerning phenomenon of vigilantism (popular or mob justice). The findings will allow us to formulate concrete recommendations and propose a partial guide for decision making bodies and the local improve the security situation and foster the emergence of a safer society.