卞氏宇宙通用时间度量系统(宇宙时)——基于宇宙基础场频的全域统一时标设计

Abstract Existing time metrology systems (e.g., Universal Time, Atomic Time, Coordinated Universal Time) are based on empirical, phenomenological definitions of periodic physical phenomena, with arbitrary human conventions in units, scales and reference benchmarks, failing to reflect the fundamental physical nature of time. Meanwhile, time measurement exhibits reference frame dependence and environmental sensitivity across microscopic quantum, macroscopic classical and cosmological scales, making it impossible to establish a unified, self-consistent and universal standard. To address these fundamental flaws, this paper proposes Bian's Cosmic Universal Time Measurement System (Cosmic Time) from the perspective of unified field theory, combined with empirical laws of cross-scale force balance. The system takes the eigenfrequency of the cosmic unified field as the physical origin, defines the hyperfine structure transition period of hydrogen atoms as the empirical anchor of the minimum time unit, and constructs a globally unified time scale with mathematical optimal decimal system. The study proves that cosmic time can achieve self-consistent unification of time measurement across all physical scales, explain time passage, time sequence, time dilation and gravitational time delay with a single field frequency benchmark, and verify the global stability and non-arbitrariness of the minimum time unit through cross-scale force balance laws. This work overcomes the artificiality, relativity and externality of traditional time systems fundamentally, forming a complete, mathematically rigorous and verifiable fundamental theoretical framework, which provides a more essential global unified time benchmark for fundamental physics unification, high-precision metrology, deep space exploration and interstellar time unification. 摘要现有时间计量体系(世界时、原子时、协调世界时等)均以周期性物理现象为度量基础,属于经验性、现象学定义,其单位、进制、基准均存在人为约定性,无法反映时间的本源物理内涵。同时,在狭义相对论、广义相对论、量子场论及宇观宇宙学等不同尺度下,时间度量具有参考系依赖性与环境相关性,难以形成统一、自洽、普适的标准。针对上述根本性问题,本文从统一场论视角出发,结合跨尺度力平衡实证规律,提出以宇宙统一场本征频率为基础、以氢原子超精细结构跃迁周期为实证锚定的卞氏宇宙通用时间度量系统(宇宙时)。本文重新阐释时间的物理本质,给出宇宙时的严格数学定义,推导场频与时间速率的内在关系,自然包含相对论时间效应,并构建数学最优、物理对称的时间进制,同时建立宇宙时从抽象场频到宇宙天然周期的可观测锚定与实用刻度体系。研究表明,宇宙时标可在微观量子、宏观经典、强引力场及宇宙学大尺度下实现时间度量的自洽统一,以场频为单一基准解释时间流逝、时序、时间膨胀与引力延迟效应,且通过跨尺度力平衡规律验证了最小时间单位的全域稳定性与非人为约定性。本文工作从本源层面克服了传统时间体系的人为性、相对性与外在性缺陷,形成一套原理完备、数学严格、体系自洽、可落地验证的基础理论,为基础物理统一、高精度计量、深空探测与跨星际时间统一提供更本质的全域时间基准方案。