This study systematically investigates the microstructure evolution and strengthening mechanisms of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel (FSS) thin-plate butt joints welded by interrupted pulsed arc welding (IPAW). Microstructural characterizations using optical microscopy (OM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) , as well as mechanical testing for tensile strength and elongation, were performed to evaluate joint performance and grain evolution. Results indicated that when pulse current was ≤ 95 A, pulse time was ≤ 325 ms, interval time was ≥ 100 ms, and welding speed was ≥ 3 m/min, joints fractured in the base metal, exhibiting tensile strength and elongation similar to those of the base metal. A critical criterion for controlling grain morphology was established based on the ratio of spot distance (d) to radius (R): when 2R > d > R , independent snowflake grains with high strength were generated. In contrast d direction, indicative of BCC preferred orientation. Mechanisms for strengthening involved grain refinement through a snowflake structure and the suppression of coarsening of the heat-affected zone (HAZ). This work proposes a cost-effective and energy-efficient welding strategy for thin FSS components, with potential applications in automotive exhaust systems and precision electronics.
Fang et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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