Skin‐Lightening Efficacy of Leatherleaf Fern Extract and a Leatherleaf Fern‐Based Facial Serum In Vitro and Clinical Trial

Key Points

• This research aims to evaluate the skin-lightening efficacy of leatherleaf fern extract and serum.
• In vitro assays to assess antioxidant effects and melanin biosynthesis inhibition
• Clinical trial for evaluating the effectiveness of LFWE-based serum
• Measurement of melanin indices pre- and post-treatment
• LFWE exhibits strong antioxidant properties
• Significant reduction in melanin indices observed in clinical trial participants
• Skin-lightening effects confirmed through both in vitro and clinical assessments