Abstract Flexural responses and energy absorption capability of polyamide‐based composites synergistically reinforced by short and continuous carbon fibers via additive manufacturing were investigated by three‐point bending testing under varying strain rates (10 −4 –10 −1 s −1 ). Composites were printed with different continuous fiber raster angles (0° and ±45°). The deformation processes and final failure of composites were analyzed by multiscale morphological characterization. The results showed that rigid properties of printed composites with 0° fiber raster angle (0° specimens) were strengthened with increasing strain rates. The 0° specimens at the highest strain rate (10 −1 s −1 ) presented the highest flexural modulus and strength of up to 16.1 GPa and 304.5 MPa, respectively. And 0° specimens showed high strain‐rate sensitivity on elongation during deformation but low sensitivity on energy absorption. Besides, 45° specimens also showed high strain‐rate sensitivity on rigidity and energy absorption in most cases, but presented low sensitivity on elongation during deformation. Therefore, 45° specimens at a strain rate of 10 −1 s −1 showed the highest energy absorption of 1512.8 MJ m −3 . In summary, 0° raster angle stacking sequence could bring high rigidity and keep low strain‐rate sensitivity on energy absorption of printed composites, while ±45° raster angle stacking sequence efficiently improved ductility and energy absorption capability but cannot help with the strain‐rate sensitivity of composites. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.
Wu et al. (Fri,) studied this question.