Rightful Rules: Authority, Order, and the Foundations of Global Governance

Abstract: Global governance is an important and increasingly popular topic of inquiry. Nonetheless, existing research remains too statist, privileging states and limiting other forms of governance to the interstices of state power. Drawing on social contract theory, I offer an alternative approach that begins with the central role of authority in political life and develops a synthetic understanding of governance that applies equally to all its myriad forms. I argue that we have, as a discipline, relied on a formal-legal conception of authority that is inappropriate to an international setting, and unduly limited enforcement to violence. I then propose that global governance and its many forms can be understood and unified by a concept of relational authority, which treats authority as a social contract in which a governor provides a political order of value to a community in exchange for compliance by the governed with the rules necessary to produce that order. This conception of relational authority is then followed by three illustrations of its central logic in a) state-to-state hierarchy by the United States over Caribbean states, b) supranational authority by the World Trade Organization over member states, and c) private authority by credit rating agencies over corporations and sovereign borrowers.