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The literature has generally not grappled with complex decisionmaking structures within organizations like the UN. Special representatives of the Secretary-General can act as norm arbitrators in the UN system, generating new practices by weighing against each other the conflicting norms that guide peacekeeping. Practices from the field, crystallized through the actions of SRSGs, constitute a bottom-up source of influence on UN norm change processes. SRSGs enjoy relative independence and physical distance from UN headquarters. With backgrounds often from diplomatic careers, plus relative autonomy and interpretations of the UN, they can wield influence thanks to a certain level of decentralized authority and their personal prestige.
John Karlsrud (Mon,) studied this question.