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The machine learning and artificial intelligence play a vital role to solve the challenging issues in Clinical imaging. The machine learning and artificial intelligence ease the daily life of both medical practitioner and patient's. Nowadays, the automatic system is designed with high accuracy to perceive abnormality in bone X-ray images. To achieve high accuracy system has less resource available image pre-processing tools are used to enhance the medical images quality. The image pre-processing involves the process like noise removal and contrast enhancement which provides instantaneous abnormality diagnosis system. The Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) texture features are widely used in image classification problems. GLCM represents the second-order statistical information of gray levels between neighboring pixels in an image1. In the paper, we implemented different machine learning approaches to classify the bone X-ray images of MURA (musculoskeletal radiographs) dataset into fractures and no fracture category. The four different classifiers LBF SVM (Radial Basis Function support vector machine), linear SVM, Logistic Regression and Decision tree are used for abnormality detection. The performance evaluation of the above abnormality detection in X-ray images is performed by using five statistical parameters such as Sensitivity, Specificity, Precision, Accuracy and F1 Score, which shows significant improvement.
Mall et al. (Sun,) studied this question.