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With the rapid increasing number of on-road Electric Vehicles (EVs), properly planning the deployment of EV Charging Stations (CSs) in highway systems become an urgent problem in modern energy-transportation coupling systems. This paper proposes a hierarchical CS planning framework for highway systems by considering the integration of Mobile Energy Storage Vehicles (MESVs) and traffic flow patterns of the highway system in working days and holidays. In the upper level of the framework, an optimization model is formulated to determine the number and locations of CSs, and the configuration of MESVs. Based on these planning results, in the lower level, an operational planning model is established to optimize the charging power of the EVs in the CSs and the operation strategy of the MESVs. The outputs of the lower-level model are fed back to the upper level to update the planning result. This process iteratively proceeds until convergence. Business models are established for the MESVs in working days and holidays separately to accommodate the CSs in serving the EV charging demand of the highway and support the interaction between the CSs and the grid. Numerical simulation based on the real-world data is conducted to validate the proposed method.
Zhang et al. (Mon,) studied this question.