This work highlights the significant aspects of developing a digital twin (DT) for photovoltaic (PV) systems, with a focus on digital models that enable the safe and efficient use of autonomous platforms. Autonomous systems in this context refer to unmanned air systems (UAS) and ground robots. The integration of autonomous systems introduces the need for a different approach to modeling principles to enhance navigation coordination and real-time image transfer. As part of ongoing research, this study investigates aspects of 3D modeling and database implementation. We present findings from the terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), structure-from-motion (SfM) 3D models, and interaction with the database structure for an experimental PV farm. As part of the project outcomes, we clarify the distinguishing factors between a digital twin for PV systems and advanced robotics systems. The potentials, research gaps, and critical lessons learned are also highlighted for in-depth understanding. This report aims to provide foundational documentation for future research or industrial implementation with a similar focus. It is envisaged that current and future solar photovoltaics research in this area will build on these insights, highlighting the re alities and benefits of DT technology while enhancing in-depth penetration, management, and control of renewable energy systems.
Olayiwola et al. (Wed,) studied this question.