Phytochemical and Pharmacognostic Revelations of Syzgium cumini (L.)

Various medicinal plants are present in a collection of herbal preparations of the Indian traditional health care system (Ayurveda) named “Rasayana”. From the ancient time, plants have been playing a key role for the betterment of mankind presenting as an extraordinary source of natural medicine (Anjali et al., 2017). The complexity in formulating chemical-based drugs as well as their health related side effects and uprising cost has led worldwide researchers to focus on medicinal plant research. Bangladesh has a vast repository of diverse plant species where about five thousand plants species have been claimed as having significant medicinal values. The researched papers on medicinal plants publishing from last few decades mention the activities of different plant bioactive compounds that are used widely in the treatment of various human ailments. Syzygium cumini Linn. (syn. Eugenia jambolana) Plant is commonly kwon as the Jamun plant in Hindi and Jambhul in Marathi, which is distributed along tropical and sub-tropical regions of world. In India the Jamun plant is distributed in all over the country, it is cultivated and sometime occurs wild. The plant has many medicinal properties, which is used in folk medicine from the ancient periods. This plant belongs to the Myrtaceae family. Although it is a tropical tree but it grows easily in subtropical climates also. S. cumini is a fast-growing plant; it can grow up to a height of 30 m and can live for approximately 100 years. Its dense foliage provides shade and is grown just for their fruits and ornamental values (Murti et al. 2012). Vitamin C, alkaloids, saponin, gallic acid, tannins, anthocyanins, glucoside, phenolic compound, and other substances have all been shown to be present in jamun plants (Suradkar et al., 2015). The plant is well known for its therapeutic and restorative properties and is used to treat a variety of illnesses. Characteristics such as antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antidiuretic, antibacterial, antifungal, and many more. The fruit's stunning purple to black hue results from the presence of anthocyanin, which also gives it strong antioxidant qualities. A variant of the tree produces green coloured young fruit and after ripen the fruit converted as purple to black coloured. The fruit has a combination of fragrant sweet, astringent flavour and mildly sour tends to colour the tongue purple. The leaves, stem-bark, fruit and seeds are used in many disease treatments. Leaves, bark and fruits are used for the treatment of diabetes, sore throat, astringent and diarrhoea. The plant powder used for headache, stomach-ache, roughness loss of skin coloration. Seed are used for diabetes, the mature fruit used for indigestion (More et al., 2023).