Widespread pyrethroid resistance and high kdr L995F allele frequencies in Anopheles gambiae sensu lato populations from Southern Benin, West Africa

Key Points

• The study aims to assess the extent of pyrethroid resistance and allele prevalence in Anopheles gambiae populations.
• Analyzed kdr L995F allele frequencies in Anopheles gambiae populations along an urbanization gradient
• Evaluated the efficacy of clothianidin and chlorfenapyr against resistant strains
• High frequencies of the kdr L995F allele are found in resistant populations
• Efficacy of clothianidin and chlorfenapyr remains fully preserved against these populations