The Absheron Peninsula is characterized by a highly intricate geological framework and a well-developed tectonic architecture, which makes it one of the key oil- and gas-bearing regions of Azerbaijan. Its structural evolution is associated with a system of folded formations, among which the Gobustan, Absheron, and Baku tectonic zones are particularly prominent. These geological features were shaped by long-term geodynamic processes that occurred during the Late Cretaceous and throughout the Cenozoic era. The stratigraphic section of the peninsula is dominated by sedimentary deposits of diverse lithological composition. Clay-rich formations, sandstones, limestones, and volcanic tuff layers are the most widespread. Tectonic fault zones play a significant role in the geological setting, as they represent areas of intensified geodynamic activity. Such structures create favorable pathways for the migration of deep-seated gases, including radon, toward the Earth's surface. Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas generated by the decay of uranium and thorium present within the Earth's crust. The specific geological conditions of the Absheron Peninsula, combined with an extensive network of fractures and active groundwater circulation, facilitate the transport of radon from deeper horizons into near-surface air and soil gas environments. Research findings indicate that in certain parts of the peninsula, radon concentrations may exceed internationally recommended limits. These elevated levels are of considerable importance in assessing the environmental condition of the area. Prolonged exposure to increased radon concentrations can adversely affect human health, raising the risk of respiratory diseases as well as various oncological disorders. In conclusion, the geological and tectonic characteristics of the Absheron Peninsula serve as the primary factors controlling the formation of its radon background. Therefore, the implementation of systematic monitoring of radon levels, along with the development of mitigation strategies, is essential for minimizing potential health risks and ensuring environmental safety in the region.
Aliyev et al. (Mon,) studied this question.