The increasing demand for reliable and efficient energy storage systems has led to the widespread use of lithium-ion batteries in various applications such as electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and portable electronics. However, these batteries are highly sensitive to conditions like overcharging, over-discharging, overheating, and short circuits, which can reduce their lifespan and pose safety risks. This paper presents a Smart Lithium-Ion Battery Monitoring, Protection, and Automatic Switching System designed to enhance battery performance and safety. The proposed system continuously monitors key parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature using embedded sensors and a microcontroller-based control unit. It incorporates protection mechanisms to prevent hazardous conditions and ensures optimal battery operation. Additionally, an automatic switching feature is implemented to seamlessly transition between power sources or backup batteries during faults or low charge conditions. The system improves reliability, efficiency, and longevity of lithium-ion batteries while minimizing human intervention. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system in real-time monitoring and protection, making it suitable for modern energy management applications.
Pawar et al. (Thu,) studied this question.