What question did this study set out to answer?

The research aims to identify and present hidden biological variables that contribute to schizophrenia's pathophysiology.

April 24, 2026Open Access

Schizophrenia as a Network-Level Disorder

Key Points

The research aims to identify and present hidden biological variables that contribute to schizophrenia's pathophysiology.
Identification of 13 hidden biological variables related to schizophrenia
Analysis of existing literature to validate these variables
Emphasis on the need for multi-modal assessments
Hidden variables span various biological levels including genetic and environmental
Standard neuroimaging methods miss these variables, highlighting a gap in current assessment techniques
Emphasizes the importance of integrating different scientific approaches for better understanding schizophrenia

Abstract

Central to this framework is the identification and structured presentation of 13 Hidden Variables — biological contributors to schizophrenia pathophysiology that are empirically established in the literature but are systematically invisible to standard functional MRI (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) neuroimaging. These variables span genetic, epigenetic, molecular, cellular, metabolic, developmental, and environmental layers. Their invisibility to standard neuroimaging does not diminish their causal relevance; it underscores the need for multi-modal assessment approaches and cross-disciplinary modelling frameworks.

Schizophrenia as a Network-Level Disorder

Key Points

Abstract

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