Model‐Based Modularization Approach for Reconfigurable System Architecture Design

ABSTRACT In response to the growing need for reconfigurable systems in dynamic operational environments, this paper presents a model‐based modular and reconfigurable architecture design approach that integrates Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) method with modular decomposition. The method centers on a service‐driven Function‐Mode‐Component (FMC) model constructed using the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF), explicitly linking functional behaviors, operational modes, and physical components. To address hidden reconfiguration constraints, a design matrix and state‐space analysis framework are introduced, identifying conflicts arising from shared components, sequential dependencies, and concurrent operations. Coupled with a multi‐criteria modular decomposition strategy that accounts for reconfiguration constraints, the approach generates cohesive, low‐coupling modules while quantitatively evaluating alternative decompositions. A missile launch system case study demonstrates the method's capability to guide modular decomposition, uncover infeasible reconfiguration paths, and provide feedback to update DoDAF models, supporting iterative model‐based architecture design. Significance and Practitioner Points For Researchers: This study bridges a gap between model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) and modular design by introducing a novel Function‐Mode‐Component (FMC) modeling framework. Based on MBSE models using Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF), the proposed approach explicitly links functional behaviors, operational modes, and physical components while accounting for hidden reconfiguration constraints such as shared resource dependencies and sequential/concurrent operation conflicts. The case study demonstrates how this framework enables quantitative evaluation of alternative modular architectures, identification of infeasible transition paths, and feedback‐driven improvement of architecture models. Researchers can leverage this methodology to explore the trade‐offs between functional cohesion, modularity, and structural integration, and to extend reconfiguration‐aware design principles to complex cyber‐physical systems and service‐driven System‐of‐Systems. For Practitioners: This paper offers a practical, model‐based workflow for designing systems that are both modular and readily reconfigurable. It equips architects and engineers with a structured approach to identify hidden integration risks early in the design process, such as component conflicts that could disrupt mission‐mode transitions. By applying the FMC method, teams can proactively define transitional functions, optimize module boundaries, and avoid costly late‐stage redesigns. This leads to more agile and resilient systems, providing direct value for the development and lifecycle management of complex systems in dynamic, mission‐critical domains like defense, aerospace, and automated manufacturing.