R23, commonly used in low-temperature refrigeration systems, has an extremely high global warming potential (GWP) of 14,600. As a low-GWP alternative, this study proposes a ternary mixed refrigerant composed of R1132a/CO₂/Xe, with a GWP of approximately 1. Phase equilibrium data obtained via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to evaluate thermophysical properties. These properties were then applied to calculate the coefficient of performance (COP) and exergy loss of the cascade refrigeration cycle. At an operating temperature of −100 °C, the proposed refrigerant exhibited a cooling capacity 1.6 times greater and an exergy loss 11% lower than those of R23, demonstrating its strong potential as a replacement for R23.
Morisaki et al. (Wed,) studied this question.