Screen adaptation of F. Aramburu's novel "Patria": the problem of transforming literary text into audiovisual narrative

The article is devoted to the analysis of the process of transforming a literary text into an audiovisual narrative, exemplified by the adaptation of Fernando Aramburu's novel "Patria." The focus is on a two-level translation process that combines intralinguistic (intralingual rephrasing, compression of dialogues, reduction of episodes) and intersemiotic translation (transmutation of verbal material into signs of non-verbal systems). Particular attention is given to the visualization of a person's inner world, thoughts, feelings, and motivations, which in literature are revealed through internal monologues. Using the series "Patria" (directed by F. Viscarret and O. Pedrasa), the study examines specific mechanisms of adaptation: changes in the rhythm and emphasis of the narrative, simplification of the socio-political context for a global audience, as well as the search for audiovisual equivalents for conveying the emotional states of characters and the complex temporal structure of the original. The article analyzes scenes where editing, close-ups, color palettes, sound, and visual metaphors take on a narrative function, replacing the author's word and the characters' internal speech. The methodological framework of the study includes comparative and descriptive methods, as well as elements of semiotic analysis of key episodes from the novel and the series. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the comprehensive analysis of adaptation as a two-level translation process at the intersection of linguistics and film studies. In this article, the author investigates how specific elements of cinematic language (editing transitions, shot duration, color motifs, sound layering) function as tools of intersemiotic translation, compensating for the loss of verbal components of the original. The author argues that the main criterion for preserving the author's style in adaptation is not lexical accuracy but semantic and functional equivalence, allowing for fidelity to the original source. The main conclusion of the study is that, despite inevitable transformations (reduction of secondary plots, simplification of historical context, visual hyperboles for spectacle), the creators of the series managed to preserve the key themes and ideas of Aramburu's novel: the moral ambiguity of characters, the complexity of reconciliation, and the influence of the past on the present. The series "Patria" is presented as an example of not literal copying but deep artistic interpretation, proving that the skillful use of cinematic expressive means allows for minimizing losses when changing the medium and conveying the author's main concept to a mass audience.