Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on lead have achieved a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) in recent years; however, the toxicity and stability of Pb, especially of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , limits its commercialization. As a result, much effort is being put into developing lead-free PSCs. This paper compares the performances of different types of lead-free PSCs and their choice of absorber materials using Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator-1D simulations. In this context, the use of MASnI 3 , MASnBr 3 , and MABiI 3 as solvent-processed absorbers and their effects on Voc, Jsc, fill factor, and PCE are discussed in this part of the study snippets series. MASnI 3 shows the best comprehensive cell efficiency with a maximum PCE of 30.04%. Similarly, MASnBr 3 and MABiI 3 deliver high performance, with maximum PCEs of 29.19% and 27.97%, respectively, obtained at optimized absorber thicknesses. The outcomes demonstrate the effect of the thickness of the absorber layer, the doping concentration, and the defect density on the performance of the device, revealing that the device with MASnI 3 has proved superior performance under the above parameters. Additionally, it elaborates on the enhancement strategies for the hole transport layer and electron transport layer, propagating the idea that defect density at interfaces must be minimized. This study contributes to the ongoing efforts to make highly efficient, lead-free PSCs a practical reality while aiding in sustainable energy conversion and storage.
Fahad et al. (Mon,) studied this question.