Development and validation of the Caregiver Empowerment Scale: A resource for working with family caregivers of persons with traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE: To use multitrait analysis to determine the measurement structure of the Caregiver Empowerment Scale (CES). PARTICIPANTS: An American sample of 87 adult primary family caregivers of persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). RESULTS: A four-factor structure was identified including factor 1 (Advocacy Self-Efficacy), factor 2 (Community Self-Efficacy), factor 3 (Caregiver Self-Efficacy), and factor 4 (Personal Self-Efficacy). CONCLUSIONS: The CES provides clinicians and researchers a means to assess self-perceived coping abilities of family caregivers of persons with TBI.