Perceptual Landscape Simulations: History and Prospect

Abstract A brief review of the historical development is presented, followed by a review and critique of recent and current simulation media. The primary evaluative criteria are validity and reality of simulations. The media are categorized as static and dynamic and include photography, drawings, composite techniques, models, video, movie film, and computer generated graphics. An assessment of the current state-of-the-art is presented and key research issues are identified and include: the level of detail required for valid and realistic three-dimensional models; the validity and perceived reality of various styles and levels of detail in rendered plans and perspective sketches; the development in design students of the ability to conceptualize three dimensional environments from two dimensional simulations; the effectiveness of multi-modal simulations in enhancing similitude in perceptually more complex landscapes; and the importance of simulating landscape experiences as well as perceptions of landscapes.