A Cognitive Model of Construction Workers’ Unsafe Behaviors

This paper focuses on construction workers’ unsafe behaviors and develops a cognitive model of construction workers’ unsafe behaviors (CM-CWUB). In the construction industry, many accident investigations reveal that workers’ unsafe behaviors are the most frequent and direct causes of on-site accidents, and thus need to be addressed urgently. Based on cognitive and social psychology theories and existing accident causation models, this paper develops a CM-CWUB by adopting a five-stage form, specifically representing the construction workers’ cognitive processes when confronted with potential hazards on construction sites. Using a cognitive perspective can reveal the mechanism of human error and thus can elucidate how unsafe behaviors are produced. The five stages include obtaining information, understanding information, perceiving responses, selecting response, and taking action, with obtaining information and selecting response as the two key stages. Obtaining information elaborates construction workers’ observations and processing of hazard information on sites by themselves, and selecting response adopts the theory of planned behavior to reflect various factors of influence when workers select unsafe behavior. Based on the developed model, cognitive failures that would lead to construction workers’ unsafe behaviors at different cognitive stages are then systematically analyzed.