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Providing clean, safe, reliable, and affordable energy for people everywhere will require converting to an energy system in which the use of fossil fuels is minimal. A sustainable energy transition means substantial changes in technology and the engagement of the engineering community. But it will also mean changes in behavior and policies and, thus, will require the engagement of the social science community. The choices, preferences, and behaviors of individuals and households are major direct influences on energy demand, and they also shape the acceptability and effectiveness of technologies, strategies, and policies to bring about a sustainable energy transition. A successful transition to a more sustainable energy system will require a wide range of sustainable actions by diverse people across the globe.
Steg et al. (Mon,) studied this question.