What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to investigate the dose-dependent effects of green-synthesized AgNPs on the growth and biochemical traits of Salvia officinalis.

May 15, 2026Scientific Reports0 citationsOpen Access

Dose-dependent hormetic-like effects of green-synthesized AgNPs on Salvia officinalis: a biochemical and morphophysiological perspective

HKHavva KayaSüleyman Demirel University SKSemra KılıçSüleyman Demirel University

Key Points

The aim is to investigate the dose-dependent effects of green-synthesized AgNPs on the growth and biochemical traits of Salvia officinalis.
Exposed Salvia officinalis to varying doses of AgNPs (0, 100, 200, and 400 ppm).
Analyzed relative water content, stomatal index, germination, leaf anatomy, and volatile oil composition.
Moderate doses (100-200 ppm) promoted balanced growth and improved metabolite composition.
High dose (400 ppm) resulted in growth suppression and significant compositional changes in metabolites.
Low-dose exposure induced a hormesis-like response, enhancing phytochemical production.

Abstract

), relative water content (79%), and stomatal index (39.9). Volatile oil analysis revealed concentration-dependent shifts in metabolite composition, with moderate doses (100-200 ppm) aligning with balanced growth and metabolic adjustment, while the highest dose (400 ppm) corresponded to growth suppression and broader compositional changes.The coordinated responses observed in germination, leaf anatomy, and secondary metabolite profiles suggest that low-dose AgNPs exposure may induce a hormesis-like response, linking mild nanoparticle-induced stress with enhanced phytochemical production in Salvia officinalis.

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