What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to analyze the necessity and potential framework for reforming the WTO to address evolving global trade challenges.

May 15, 2026Open Access

Reform of the World Trade Organization: Considering Paths to a Renewed Trade Regime

Key Points

The aim is to analyze the necessity and potential framework for reforming the WTO to address evolving global trade challenges.
Review of the current challenges facing the WTO, including geopolitical tensions and digital shifts.
Examination of discussions among WTO Members regarding institutional improvements.
Analysis of historical context to assess the trajectory of WTO reform.
Proposes a revitalized WTO structure that can better handle contemporary trade conflicts and crises.
Identifies key areas for reform, including enhanced cooperation and adaptive governance.
Highlights the ongoing commitment of WTO Members to multilateralism despite challenges.

Abstract

The World Trade Organization (WTO) has been a centrepiece of global economic governance since its creation in 1995. Despite its established position as the preeminent multilateral institution for trade, reform has been on the WTO agenda since shortly after its creation. As the global trade regime faces unprecedented challenges from a destructive US, a rising China, planetary crises, and digital transformation, WTO reform today would appear to be the paradigmatic case of navel-gazing. And yet, WTO Members are actively engaged in discussions to improve the institution in the hopes that the current crisis will galvanise commitment to the multilateral trading system. This contribution explores the trajectory and hope for a revitalised WTO amid global trade tensions. It explores how the WTO got to this place and reflects on what a reformed WTO may look like in the coming years.

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