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This report aims to describe ocular manifestations associated with cytokine storm syndrome and their impact on retinal health.

May 16, 2026Open Access

Case Report: Cytokine storm syndrome causing retinal inflammatory factor storm

Key Points

This report aims to describe ocular manifestations associated with cytokine storm syndrome and their impact on retinal health.
Detailed case report of a 23-year-old woman with acute fever and blurred vision.
Multimodal imaging was utilized to document inflammatory changes in the fundus.
Intraocular fluid analysis was performed to assess cytokine levels.
Marked improvement in ocular symptoms and signs after the resolution of inflammation.
Elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected in intraocular fluid.
Significant progression of retinal inflammatory changes noted in imaging.

Abstract

Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) represents a severe systemic inflammatory condition precipitated by the hyperactivation of immune cells and the consequent excessive release of cytokines, triggered by various factors. This report details the case of a 23-year-old woman admitted with acute high fever and subsequently referred to the ophthalmology department due to blurred vision. Multimodal imaging documented the progression of inflammatory cytokine storm in her fundus, and intraocular fluid analysis revealed abnormal cytokine levels. Following the resolution of inflammation, ocular symptoms and signs showed marked improvement. This report describes ocular manifestations of cytokine storm syndrome, underscoring the susceptibility of the fundus to systemic immune dysregulation despite the presence of the blood-retinal barrier.

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