This systematic review aims to comprehensively identify and synthesize the factors affecting medical error reporting in Iran. Despite the high prevalence of medical errors, reporting rates remain low, limiting opportunities to identify underlying causes and improve patient safety. Understanding these factors is essential for addressing underreporting and enhancing the quality of care. This study will examine individual, organizational, cultural, and systemic factors that influence the reporting or non-reporting of medical errors among healthcare personnel in Iran. Drawing on existing evidence, the review seeks to provide a structured categorization of barriers and facilitators, with consideration of theoretical frameworks related to behavior change where applicable. The findings of this review are expected to inform policymakers and healthcare managers by highlighting context-specific challenges-such as fear of consequences, workload, and organizational culture-and by identifying potential strategies to improve reporting practices, including educational interventions, supportive management, and safer reporting systems. Ultimately, this study aims to contribute to strengthening patient safety culture, increasing reporting rates, and supporting the development of effective interventions to reduce medical errors and their consequences in the Iranian healthcare system.
Khatooni et al. (Thu,) studied this question.