ABSTRACT Nature achieves extraordinary functional complexity through hierarchical organization across multiple physical and behavioral scales. For instance, biological organisms seamlessly integrate material properties, structural architectures, individual‐level autonomy, and collective intelligence into coherent systems capable of robustness, adaptation, and multifunctionality. On the contrary, although modern biomimetic robotics has made significant progress in multiple areas, most existing systems still lack seamless integration across these different scales. In this review, we present a unifying roadmap for omni‐scale biomimetic robotics, a paradigm aimed at bridging the current gaps between material, structural, individual, and collective levels of biomimetic designs. We first survey progress in materials‐level biomimicry, which provides foundational capabilities in actuation and sensing. We then review structural‐level advances that leverage mechanical intelligence for embedded logic and computing. Next, we examine individual‐level agents, and finally, collective‐level swarm behaviors. We argue that achieving omni‐scale biomimetic robotics requires unifying these four scales into integrated, hierarchical systems.
Chen et al. (Thu,) studied this question.