Thyroid diseases, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid nodular disorders, are increasingly recognized in Bangladesh. The thyroid gland plays a central role in regulating metabolism, growth, and neurodevelopment. Nutritional factors are fundamental determinants of thyroid function, yet they are often underemphasized in clinical practice. The theme of World Thyroid Day 2026 highlights the need to revisit the critical relationship between nutrition and thyroid health, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Iodine is indispensable for thyroid hormone synthesis. Iodine deficiency remains the leading cause of preventable thyroid dysfunction worldwide, although excessive iodine intake can also trigger thyroid disorders, including autoimmune thyroid disease.1 Selenium is another essential micronutrient involved in the enzymatic conversion of thyroxine (T4) to the active hormone triiodothyronine (T3) and in protecting the thyroid gland from oxidative stress.2 Iron deficiency impairs thyroid hormone synthesis by reducing thyroid peroxidase activity, while zinc contributes to thyroid hormone metabolism and immune regulation.3,4 Thus, optimal thyroid function depends on a balanced intake of multiple micronutrients rather than iodine alone. Bangladesh has achieved notable success in reducing iodine deficiency disorders through universal salt iodization programs. However, studies suggest variability in iodine content in commercially available salt and inconsistent consumption patterns.5 Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly iron deficiency anemia and inadequate dietary diversity, remain prevalent, especially among women of reproductive age.6 Additionally, increasing urbanization and reliance on processed foods may alter iodine intake patterns, posing new challenges for thyroid health. Despite these issues, awareness regarding the role of nutrition in thyroid disease remains limited, and nutritional assessment is not routinely incorporated into endocrine practice. Incorporating nutritional evaluation into the management of thyroid disorders is essential. Clinicians should assess dietary intake, identify micronutrient deficiencies, and provide tailored nutritional counseling. Special attention should be given to vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, adolescents, and individuals with metabolic disorders. From a public health perspective, strengthening regulatory oversight of iodized salt, promoting dietary diversification, and implementing community-based education programs are critical. Integration of nutrition into primary healthcare services can enhance early detection and prevention of thyroid disorders. To effectively address the burden of thyroid disorders in Bangladesh, a comprehensive strategy is required. This includes regular monitoring of population iodine status, research on the role of micronutrients in thyroid disorders in local populations, capacity building for healthcare providers on nutrition-sensitive care, and public awareness campaigns emphasizing balanced nutrition. Collaborative efforts between clinicians, nutritionists, policymakers, and public health experts will be essential to implement these strategies. The theme “thyroid and nutrition” highlights a critical yet often overlooked aspect of endocrine health. In Bangladesh, addressing both iodine and broader micronutrient deficiencies is essential for improving thyroid outcomes. Integrating nutrition into clinical care and public health initiatives offers a practical and sustainable approach to reducing the burden of thyroid disorders and improving overall health. Authors’ contributions Study conception and design: SS, SAM. Drafting: SS, SAM. Critical discussion and manuscript revision: SS, SAM. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Data availability statement Not applicable. Ethical policy and Institutional Review Board statement Not applicable. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.
Selim et al. (Thu,) studied this question.