Improving Accuracy of the Kalman Filter Algorithm in Dynamic Conditions Using ANN-Based Learning Module

Prediction algorithms enable computers to learn from historical data in order to make accurate decisions about an uncertain future to maximize expected benefit or avoid potential loss. Conventional prediction algorithms are usually based on a trained model, which is learned from historical data. However, the problem with such prediction algorithms is their inability to adapt to dynamic scenarios and changing conditions. This paper presents a novel learning to prediction model to improve the performance of prediction algorithms under dynamic conditions. In the proposed model, a learning module is attached to the prediction algorithm, which acts as a supervisor to monitor and improve the performance of the prediction algorithm continuously by analyzing its output and considering external factors that may have an influence on its performance. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed learning to prediction model, we have developed the artificial neural network (ANN)-based learning module to improve the prediction accuracy of the Kalman filter algorithm as a case study. For experimental analysis, we consider a scenario where the Kalman filter algorithm is used to predict actual temperature from noisy sensor readings. the Kalman filter algorithm uses fixed process error covariance R, which is not suitable for dynamic situations where the error in sensor readings varies due to some external factors. In this study, we assume variable error in temperature sensor readings due to the changing humidity level. We have developed a learning module based on ANN to estimate the amount of error in current readings and to update R in the Kalman filter accordingly. Through experiments, we observed that the Kalman filter with the learning module performed better (4.41%–11.19%) than the conventional Kalman filter algorithm in terms of the root mean squared error metric.